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Chemical-free pretreatments are attracting increased interest because they generate less inhibitor in hydrolysates. In this study, pilot-scaled continuous hydrothermal (PCH) pretreatment followed by disk refining was evaluated and compared to laboratory-scale batch hot water (LHW) pretreatment. Bioenergy sorghum bagasse (BSB) was pretreated at 160-190 °C for 10 min with and without subsequent disk milling. Hydrothermal pretreatment and disk milling synergistically improved glucose and xylose release by 10-20% compared to hydrothermal pretreatment alone. Maximum yields of glucose and xylose of 82.55% and 70.78%, respectively were achieved, when BSB was pretreated at 190 °C and 180 °C followed by disk milling. LHW pretreated BSB had 5-15% higher sugar yields compared to PCH for all pretreatment conditions. The surface area improvement was also performed. PCH pretreatment combined with disk milling increased BSB surface area by 31.80-106.93%, which was greater than observed using LHW pretreatment.

The following files were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae, using IQ-TREE v1.6.12 and ASTRAL v 4.10.5. <b>1) taxon_sampling.csv:</b> contains the sequencing ids (1st column) and the taxonomic information (2nd column) of each sample. Sequencing ids were used in the alignment files and partition files. <b>2)concatenated_nt.phy:</b> concatenated nucleotide alignment used for the maximum likelihood analysis of Deltocephalinae by IQ-TREE v1.6.12. The file lists the sequences of 163,365 nucleotide positions from 429 genes in 730 samples. Hyphens are used to represent gaps. <b>3) concatenated_nt_partition.nex:</b> the partitions for the concatenated nucleotide alignment. The file partitions the 163,365 nucleotide characters into 429 character sets, and defines the best substitution model for each character set. <b>4) concatenated_aa.phy:</b> concatenated amino acid alignment used for the maximum likelihood analysis of Deltocephalinae by IQ-TREE v1.6.12. The file gives the sequences of 53,969 amino acids from 429 genes in 730 samples. Hyphens are used to represent gaps. <b>5) concatenated_aa_partition.nex:</b> the partitions for the concatenated amino acid alignment. The file partitions the 53,969 characters into 429 character sets, and defines the best substitution model for each character set. <b>6) concatenated_nt_106taxa.phy:</b> a reduced concatenated nucleotide alignment representing 107 samples x 86 genes. This alignment is used to estimate the divergence times of Deltocephalinae using MCMCTree in PAML v4.9. The file lists the sequences of 79,239 nucleotide positions from 86 genes in 107 samples. Hyphens are used to represent gaps. <b>7) concatenated_nt_106taxa_partition.nex:</b> the partitions for the nucleotide alignment concatenated_nt_106taxa.phy. The file partitions the 79,239 nucleotide characters into 86 character sets, and defines the best substitution model for each character set. <b>8) individual_gene_alignment.zip:</b> contains 429 FAS files, one for each of the partitioned nucleotide character sets in the concatenated_nt_partition.nex file. Hyphens are used to represent gaps. These files were used to construct gene trees using IQ-TREE v1.6.12, followed by multispecies coalescent analysis using ASTRAL v 4.10.5.

These data files were used for phylogenomic analyses of Darnini and related Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in the referenced article by Gonzalez-Mozo et al. - The "mem_50p_alignment.fas" file contains the aligned, concatenated nucleotide sequence data for 51 species and 492 genetic loci included in the phylogenetic analyses ("N" indicates missing data and "-" indicates an alignment gap). - The file "Table1.rtf" lists the included species, country of origin and genbank accession number. Species newly sequenced for this study have a Sample ID with prefix "DAR"; previously sequenced species for which data were downloaded from genbank have "NCBI" indicated in the same column of the table. - The file "partition_def.txt" lists the 492 genetic loci included in the alignment with their exact positions indicated by the range of numbers given at the end of each line (e.g., locus "uce-1" occupies positions 1-280 in the alignment). - The substitution model file "mem_50p.model" contains information on the substitution models used in the partitioned maximum likelihood analysis, including the models used for different data partitions and parameter values, as output by the phylogenetic software IQ-TREE. - Individual tree files in Newick format (plain text) are provided for the phylogeny from concatenated analysis with the best likelihood score ("mem_50p_bestLikelihoodScore"), concatenated likelihood analysis with gene concordance factors ("mem_50p_gcf") and site concordance factors ("mem_50p_scf"). - The tree file from the ASTRAL analysis is "mem_50p_astral". - The zip archive entitled “IQ-TREE analysis results.zip” includes output from the maximum likelihood analysis of the concatenated nucleotide sequence data, including the following: (1) main output file “mem_50p.iqtree” summarizing model selection, partitioning schemes, likelihood scores, and run parameters; (2) “mem_50p.mldist” including pairwise ML distances between taxa; (3) “mem_50p.best_scheme.nex” with the best partitioning scheme identified by ModelFinder in NEXUS format and (4) “mem_50p.best_scheme” the RAxM-compatible version of the same file. - The “Ultrafast bootstrap results.zip” zip archive contains: (1) “mem_50p.ufboot” with the bootstrap replicate trees; (2) “mem_50p.contree” with the majority-rule consensus tree with support values; (3) “mem_50p.splits.nex”, with split support values across the replicates; (4) “mem_50p.log” is the log file. - The “gene_trees.zip” zip archive contains the individual gene trees as input for subsequent coalescent gene tree analysis in the phylogenetic program ASTRAL. - The file "DarniniAHE_Character Matrix.csv" contains the data for 6 morphological characters for which the ancestral states were reconstructed using the phylogenetic results from analysis of anchored-hybrid data (see article text for details). - The file "scriptACRDarnini.txt" contains the commands used to reconstruct ancestral morphological characters states using the corHMM 2.8 R package. See the Methods section of the article for more details.

Simulation data related to the paper "Mastitis risk effect on the economic consequences of paratuberculosis control in dairy cattle: A stochastic modeling study"

A 30 year record of the vegetation in sample plots in a woodland in the Chicago area. The changes in these plots over time show how ecological restoration can yield dramatic results.

This repository includes scripts and datasets for the paper, "TreeMerge: A new method for improving the scalability of species tree estimation methods." The latest version of TreeMerge can be downloaded from Github (https://github.com/ekmolloy/treemerge).

We developed and delivered in-person training at local health department offices in six of the seven Illinois Department of Public Health “health regions” between April-May of 2019. Pre-, post-, and six-month follow-up questionnaires on knowledge, attitudes, and practices with regards to tick surveillance were administered to training participants.

This dataset contains BEPAM model code and input data to the replicate the results for "Assessing the Returns to Land and Greenhouse Gas Savings from Producing Energy Crops on Conservation Reserve Program Land." The dataset consists of: (1) The replication codes and data for the BEPAM model. The code file is named as output_0213-2020_Complete_daycent-agversion-[rental payment level]%_[biomass price].gms. (BEPAM-CRP model-Sep2020.zip) (2) Simulation results from the BEPAM model (BEPAM_Simulation_Results.csv) * Item (1) is in GAMS format. Item (2) is in text format.

Photographs and video of the snake Compsophis infralineatus predating upon the chameleons Calumma crypticum and Calumma gastrotaenia near Mandraka, Madagascar.

This dataset contains all data used in the two studies included in "PICAN-PI..." by Nute, et al, other than the original raw sequences. That includes: 1) Supplementary information for the Manuscript, including all the graphics that were created, 2) 16S Reference Alignment, Phylogeny and Taxonomic Annotation used by SEPP, and 3) Data used in the manuscript as input for the graphics generation (namely, SEPP outputs and sequence multiplicities).

1. Rice H2 - Destructive Harvest - These data are for the destructive harvest (above-ground biomass) of 30 diverse indica rice genotypes that were grown to evaluate natural variation as well as the heritability of photosynthesis-related traits. Traits measured include: plant height, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weights, and tiller number. 2. Rice H2 - ACi Response Summary - These data characterize the response of CO2 uptake to change in intercellular CO2 concentration in 30 diverse indica rice genotypes. These measurements were taken to evaluate natural variation and the heritability of photosynthesis-related traits in rice. 3. Rice H2 - Survey Style Gas Exchange Measurements - These data document steady-state survey style gas exchange measurements in 30 diverse indica rice genotypes. These measurements were taken to evaluate natural variation and the heritability of photosynthesis-related traits in rice.

Recent advancements in monocot transformation, using leaf tissue as explant material, have expanded the number of grass species capable of transgenesis. However, the complexity of vectors and reliance on inducible excision of essential morphogenic regulators have so far limited widespread application. Plant RNA viruses, such as Foxtail Mosaic Virus (FoMV), present a unique opportunity to express morphogenic regulator genes, such as Babyboom (Bbm), Wuschel2 (Wus2), Wuschel-like homeobox protein 2a (Wox2a) and the GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GRF4) GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (GIF1) fusion protein transiently in leaf explant tissues. Furthermore, altruistic delivery of conventional and viral vectors could provide opportunities to simplify vectors used for leaf transformation—facilitating vector optimization and reducing reliance on morphogenic regulator gene integration. In this study, both viral and conventional T-DNA vectors were tested for their ability to promote the formation of embryonic calli, a critical step in leaf transformation protocols, using Sorghum bicolor leaf explants. Although conventional leaf transformation vectors yielded viable embryonic calli (43.2 ± 2.9%: GRF4-GIF1, 50.2 ± 3%: Bbm/Wus2), altruistic conventional vectors employing the GRF4-GIF1 morphogenic regulator resulted in improved efficiencies (61.3 ± 4.7%). Altruistic delivery was further enhanced with the use of viral vectors employing both GRF4-GIF1 and Bbm/Wus2 regulators, resulting in 75.1 ± 2.3% and 79.2 ± 2.5% embryonic calli formation, respectively. Embryonic calli generated from both conventional and viral vectors produced shoots expressing fluorescent reporters, which were confirmed using molecular analysis. This work provides an important proof-of-concept for the use of both altruistic vectors and viral-expressed morphogenic regulators for improving plant transformation.

Supporting information for "Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations and Hot Flashes in Pre- and Perimenopausal Women from the Midlife Women’s Health Study." This file contains tables of the results of stratified analyses of the associations of hot flash outcomes with urinary phthalates metabolites by menopause status, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and depressive status. This file also contains supplementary HPLC methods for the analysis of phthalate metabolites.

This small dataset is a raw data of anthropometric and dietary intake data.

Adey_Larson_Behavior.csv: Results of behavioral assays for rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus collected from six lakes in Vilas County, Wisconsin in summer 2018. Crayfish_ID is an individual crayfish ID or identifier that matches to individuals in Adey_Larson_Isotope. Collection is how organisms were collected (trapped = baited trapping, snorkel = by hand). Lake is the study lake crayfish were collected from. Length is crayfish carapace length in mm. CPUE is crayfish catch-per-unit effort from baited trapping in that lake during summer 2018. Shelter_Occupancy, Exploration, Feeding_Snail, Feeding_Detritus, Feeding_Crayfish, and Aggressiveness are behavioral assay scores for individual crayfish. Shelter_Occupancy is frequency of observation intervals (12 maximum) in which crayfish were observed in shelter over a 12 hour period. Exploration is time for crayfish to explore a new area measured in seconds (maximum possible time 1200 seconds or 20 minutes). Feeding_Snail, Feeding_Detritus, and Feeding_Crayfish is the time for crayfish to take a food item (snail, detritus, or snail in the presence of another crayfish) measured in seconds (maximum possibe time 1200 seconds or 20 minutes). Aggressiveness is the response to an approach with a novel object scored as a fast retreat (-2), slow retreat (-1), no visible response (0), approach without threat display (1), approach with threat display (2), interaction with closed chelae (3), or interaction with open chelae (4). Three repeated aggressiveness measures were made per individual (Aggresiveness1, Aggresiveness2, Aggresiveness3), which were summed for inclusion in subsequent analyses (Aggresiveness_Sum). More detailed behavioral assay methods can be found in Adey 2019 Masters thesis. Adey_Larson_Isotope.csv: Stable isotope (13C, 15N) values for rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus and snail or mussel primary consumers from six lakes in Vilas County, Wisconsin collected during summer 2018. Crayf is an individual crayfish ID or identifier that matches to the same individual crayfish in Adey_Larson_Behavior. Lake is the study lake. Collection is how organisms were collected (trapped = baited trapping, snorkel = by hand). Sample type indicates whether isotope values are for crayfish, snail, or mussel. d13C and d15N are stable isotope values.

Weather data used in the survival (mark-recapture) analysis of Swainson's Thrushes crossing the Gulf of Mexico

The data set here include data from NMR, LC-MS/MS, MALDI-MS, H/D exchange MS experiments used in paper "A novel rotifer derived alkaloid paralyzes schistosome larvae and prevents infection".

Supplementary Material for article entitled: "Identifying marginal land for multifunctional perennial cropping systems in the Upper Sangamon River Watershed, Illinois". The material includes the methodology of GIS RUSLE model and details of the suitability analysis variables.

Landscape attributes of the nineteen sites as supplemental data for the following article: Bennett, A.B., Lovell, S.T. 2019. Landscape and local site variables differentially influence pollinators and pollination services in urban agricultural sites. Accepted for publication in: PLOS ONE.

These are the responses to an open, convenience sample survey of residents of Illinois to understand their interactions with wild deer. The survey was available on REDCap between December 19, 2022 and December 19, 2023, and was publicized through listserves, Facebook groups, and media reporting. The file "COVID Deer Survey _ REDCap.pdf" contains the codebook for the survey, including the questions; all factor variables have ".factor" added to their name in the dataset. The file "DeerSurveyData.csv" contains the dataset. The file "Score_calculation_for_sharing.R" is the code to create the cleaned dataset used for analysis from the raw survey responses. Throughout, NA is used to represent null/not available/not applicable; this is most likely either a failure to answer the question or, in some cases, a question that was not presented as it is not relevant based on answers to previous questions.

This dataset was compiled between 2010 and 2011 from data published in the scientific literature from articles evaluating the influence of cropping systems and soil management practices on soil organic Carbon. We used the Thomas Reuter Web of Science database and by reviewed the reference sections of key peer-reviewed articles. Articles included in the database presented results from field sites within the continental United States.

This dataset contains RNASim1000, Cox1-Het datasets as well as analyses of RNASim1000, Cox1-Het, and 1000M1(HF).

These data were collected in 2018 and 2019 at the University of Illinois Energy Farm (N 40.063607, W 88.206926). During each growing season, bulk and rhizosphere soil were collected from replicate Sorghum bicolor nitrogen use efficiency trial plots at three separate time points (approximately July 1, August 1, and September 1). We measured soil moisture, pH, soil nitrate and ammonium, potential nitrification, potential denitrification, and extracted and sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene for microbial community analysis. All microbial sequence data is archived in the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (accession number SRP326979, project number PRJNA741261).

Ammonia flux measurement data using flux gradient and relaxed eddy accumulation methods, and ancillary environmental data collected during the 2014 corn-growing season in Central Illinois, USA. This excel file contains two spreadsheets: one README sheet, and one sheet containing all data. These data were used in the development of the manuscript titled "Ammonia Flux Measurements above a Corn Canopy using Relaxed Eddy Accumulation and a Flux Gradient System."