Chronic contact exposure to realistic soil concentrations (0, 7.5, 15, and 100 ppb) of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid had species- and sex-specific effects on adult bee movement characteristics, but not on adult female bee brain development. This dataset contains two data files. The first contains information about adult bee movement characteristics for female Osmia lignaria and female and male Megachile rotundata over a 10-minute trial (total distance traveled and average movement speed). The second contains information about female Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata adult brain morphology. Detected effects included: female Osmia lignaria adults moved faster as they aged in the 0 and 7.5 ppb, but not in the 15 or 100 ppb, groups; young male Megachile rotundata adults moved more quickly (7.5 and 100 ppb) and farther (100 ppb) when treated with imidacloprid compared to the control group (0 ppb); and, while there was no impact of imidacloprid on adult female neuropil:Kenyon cell volume (N:K), N:K decreased with Osmia ligaria adult age and increased with Megachile rotundata adult age.