Dataset Search

This dataset contains simulation results from PartMC-MOSAIC and WRF-PartMC that used in the journal article: Quantifying the Impact of Surfactants on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity Using a Particle-Resolved Model. Two compressed folder are uploaded here, one is for the data that used in this article, the other folder is the python scripts to process the data. For more details of the uploaded files, please check the README file.

Room-temperature transfer curves; Benchmarking conductance; STEM images of charged domain walls; Temperature-dependent transfer curves; Scaling of conductance, hopping length, threshold voltage, trap density, and field-effect mobility with temperature; Magnetotransport data; Optical, AFM, and PFM image of different field-effect transistors; STEM images of contacts; Output and transfer curves of FETs; Additional STEM images of charged domain walls; Temperature scaling of subthreshold swing and threshold voltage difference; Comparison of maximum field-effect mobility for different structures

Trivellone_etal_Full_PaperList_SystRev.xlsx: This dataset contains the list of peer-reviewed studies selected and critically appraised for a systematic review of quantitative PCR (qPCR) investigations tracking phytoplasma load dynamics in insect vectors. The dataset includes bibliographic information and selection status for each study, reflecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied during the review process. The literature search was completed on December 15, 2025. The list of inclusion and exclusion criteria are listed in the second spreadsheet. Further methodological details, including search strategy, screening workflow, and appraisal criteria, are described in the associated paper, “Tracking the early spatio-temporal dynamics of phytoplasma multiplication within its leafhopper vector”, as well as in the Supplementary Materials (see below), by Valeria Trivellone, Francesca Canuto, Giulia Lucetti, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Cristina Marzachì.

Data collected at 71 study sites from 2023 to 2024 for Reves, Olivia P. (2025): Using Environmental DNA Metabarcoding to Inform Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Landscapes. Master's thesis, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Files include study site information, taxa by site matrices for vertebrates from environmental DNA metabarcoding using multiple mitochondrial DNA primers (COI, 12S), and bird species audibly detected by a phone app at study sites.

This dataset contains records of four years of taxi operations in New York City and includes 697,622,444 trips. Each trip records the pickup and drop-off dates, times, and coordinates, as well as the metered distance reported by the taximeter. The trip data also includes fields such as the taxi medallion number, fare amount, and tip amount. The dataset was obtained through a Freedom of Information Law request from the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. The files in this dataset are optimized for use with the ‘decompress.py’ script included in this dataset. This file has additional documentation and contact information that may be of help if you run into trouble accessing the content of the zip files.

Incoherent scatter radar datasets collected during the September 2016 campaign at Arecibo have been deposited in this databank. The lag products of the ISR data are stored as lag profile matrices with 5 minutes of integration time. The data is organized in a Python dictionary format, with each file containing 12 lag profile matrices representing one hour of observation. A sample Python script is provided to illustrate its usage.

This dataset includes data from a study conducted in southern Illinois, USA, which was published in the Journal of Applied Ecology. The study investigated the interactive effects of fire history and invasion by the non-native grass Microstegium vimineum on fire intensity and oak regeneration in central hardwood forests. The dataset includes data on environmental conditions, historical fire occurrence, experimental fire intensity and fuel load, seedling and juvenile oak characteristics, Microstegium cover, and plot descriptions.

1228 egg hyperspectral images, the wavelength from 400 nm to 900 nm.

This dataset contains data and R scripts used to analyze the trade of non-native pet amphibians in the United States by integrating online classified advertisements with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service import records. The data include records of amphibian advertisements, U.S. imports, taxonomic reference lists, and conservation status information. The dataset supports analyses identifying domestically produced species, species entering U.S. markets through unrecorded or unofficial trade pathways, and price differences associated with documented and undocumented trade. The dataset supports the analyses presented in an associated peer-reviewed publication in Biological Conservation.

Data related to a publication, "Emulating 2D Materials with magnons" to be published, but also as a preprint on arXiv https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03210. It contains scripts for the simulation program Mumax3, and python scripts for conversion and analysis.

Dataset from "CAMUS: Scalable Phylogenetic Network Estimation." This dataset contains simulated phylogenetic networks, gene trees, and sequence data. - camus-dataset.tar.xz is the main archive containing all the simulated data. More details about the files and directories it contains can be found in README.md - scripts.zip contains various scripts used in the simulation study.

The following 5 files were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Membracoidea. 1. Taxon_sampling.csv: contains the sample IDs (1st column, used in the alignments) and the taxonomic information (2nd to 6th columns) for 269 samples. 2. concatenated_aa_.phy: a concatenated amino acid dataset with 52,987 amino acid positions. This dataset was used for the maximum likelihood analysis by IQ-TREE v1.6.12. Hyphens are used to represent gaps. 3. concatenated_nt.phy: a concatenated nucleotide dataset with all codon positions included (158,961 nucleotide positions). This dataset was used for the maximum likelihood analysis by IQ-TREE v1.6.12. Hyphens are used to represent gaps. 4. concatenated_12nt.phy: a concatenated nucleotide dataset with the third codon positions excluded (105,974 nucleotide positions). This dataset was used for the maximum likelihood analysis by IQ-TREE v1.6.12. Hyphens are used to represent gaps. 5. Individual_gene_alignment.zip: contains 427 FASTA files, each one represents the nucleotide alignment for a gene. Hyphens are used to represent gaps. These files were used to construct gene trees using IQ-TREE v1.6.12, followed by multispecies coalescent analysis using ASTRAL v 4.10.5.

Growth-coupling product formation can facilitate strain stability by aligning industrial objectives with biological fitness. Organic acids make up many building block chemicals that can be produced from sugars obtainable from renewable biomass. Issatchenkia orientalis is a yeast strain tolerant to acidic conditions and is thus a promising host for industrial production of organic acids. Here, we use constraint-based methods to assess the potential of computationally designing growth-coupled production strains for I. orientalis that produce 22 different organic acids under aerobic or microaerobic conditions. We explore native and engineered pathways using glucose or xylose as the carbon substrates as proxy constituents of hydrolyzed biomass. We identified growth-coupled production strategies for 37 of the substrate-product pairs, with 15 pairs achieving production for any growth rate. We systematically assess the strain design solutions and categorize the underlying principles involved.

Note: The GTAP dataset includes a total of 140 regions, some of which are aggregated regions. For all map-related supplementary files (S11, S12, S13), we assign values to each individual country to enhance visualization. Countries within the same aggregated region are assigned the same regional value to maintain consistency across the map. <b>Data S1 (separate file): S1.csv</b>- CSV file detailing production-related deaths for the GTAP dataset. Rows: Each row represents a country where deaths occur as a result of production activities. Columns: Each column represents a country-sector pair on the production side. Values: The values indicate the number of deaths caused by production activities in the country-sector listed in each column and occurring in the country listed in each row. <b>Data S2 (separate file): S2.csv</b>- CSV file detailing production-related deaths for the EORA dataset. Structure: The file has the same structure as S1.csv. <b>Data S3 (separate file): S3.csv</b>- CSV file detailing consumption-related deaths for the GTAP dataset. Rows: Each row represents a country where deaths occur as a result of consumption activities. Columns: Each column represents a consumption country. Values: The values indicate the number of deaths caused by consumption activities in the country listed in the column and occurring in the country listed in the row. <b>Data S4 (separate file): S4.csv</b>- CSV file detailing consumption-related deaths for the EORA dataset. Structure: The file has the same structure as S3.csv. <b>Data S5 (folder of files): S5.zip</b>- a folder containing 141 CSV files, each named after a country's 3-digit code (e.g., USA.csv, CHN.csv), representing production-related spatial PM₂.₅ concentration patterns for all GTAP countries. Rows: Each row corresponds to a grid cell. Columns: Each column represents an industrial sector. The final column, "geometry," contains the spatial coordinates (latitude and longitude) for each grid cell. Values: Each value indicates the PM₂.₅ concentration level (in µg/m³) attributable to emissions from the specified sector in the given country, as they occur in each grid cell. <b>Data S6 (folder of files): S6.zip</b>- a folder containing 188 CSV files, each named after a country's 3-digit code, representing production-related spatial PM₂.₅ concentration patterns for all EORA countries. Structure: Each file follows the same format as those in S5.zip, with rows representing grid cells and columns representing industrial sectors, plus a "geometry" column containing spatial coordinates. <b>Data S7 (separate file): S7.csv</b>- CSV file containing consumption-related spatial PM₂.₅ concentration patterns for all GTAP countries. Rows: Each row represents a grid cell. Columns: Apart from the last column ("geometry"), which contains spatial information for each grid cell in latitude-longitude coordinates, each column represents a consumption country. Values: Each value indicates the PM₂.₅ concentration level caused by each country’s consumption process and occurring in each grid cell, measured in µg/m³. <b>Data S8 (separate file): S8.csv</b>- CSV file containing consumption-related spatial PM₂.₅ concentration patterns for all EORA countries. Structure: The file has the same structure as S7.csv. <b>Data S9 (separate file): S9.csv</b>- CSV file listing the total net bidirectional export of deaths for all countries in GTAP, displaying only positive values. Columns: "from": The country that exports more consumption-related deaths. "to": The country that imports more consumption-related deaths. "values": The net export of deaths between these two countries, calculated as the difference between the deaths flowing from "from" to "to" and those from "to" to "from." <b>Data S10 (separate file): S10.csv</b>- CSV file listing the total net bidirectional export of deaths for all countries in EORA, displaying only positive values. Structure: The file has the same structure as S9.csv. <b>Data S11 (separate file): S11.csv</b>- CSV file listing the Value of Statistical Lives (VSLs), and consumption-related externalities under three scenarios—Business as Usual (BAU), Global Community (GC), and Fair Trade in Deaths (FTD)—along with externalities per GDP and their differences for GTAP countries. Columns: VSL, BAU_Externality, GC_Externality, FTD_Externality BAU_Ext_perGDP, GC_Ext_perGDP, FTD_Ext_perGDP Diff_GC_BAU, Diff_FTD_BAU, Diff_FTD_GC <b>Data S12 (separate file): S12.csv</b>- Same as S11.csv, but for EORA countries. Structure: Identical to S11.csv. <b>Data S13 (separate file): S13.csv</b>- purpose: Includes data used to generate Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5 in the main text. Columns: country_code: 3-letter country code GTAP_region, continent, population, GDP, GDP_capita, VSL export_of_death, import_of_death, net_export, net_export_capita allforeign_world, G50foreign_world, G100foreign_world cause_allforeign_world, cause_L30foreign_world, cause_L50foreign_world BAU_Externality, GC_Externality, FTD_Externality BAU_Ext_perGDP, GC_Ext_perGDP, FTD_Ext_perGDP Diff_GC_BAU, Diff_FTD_BAU, Diff_FTD_GC geometry (used for visualization) <b>Data S14 (separate file): S14.xlsx</b>- this Excel file contains six sheets summarizing cross-model Pearson correlation coefficients between sectoral economic activity fractions and transboundary mortality impact metrics, based on both GTAP and EORA datasets. Sheets: Output_fraction_GTAP Direct_demand_fraction_GTAP Final_demand_fraction_GTAP Output_fraction_EORA Direct_demand_fraction_EORA Final_demand_fraction_EORA Rows: Each row represents an economic sector. Columns: G50foreign_world: Fraction of deaths attributable to final demand from regions where demand per capita is more than 50% higher than in the current country. cause_L50foreign_world: Fraction of deaths caused by consumption within the current country but occurring in countries with more than 50% lower demand per capita. Values: Each value represents the Pearson correlation between the sectoral fraction and the corresponding transboundary mortality metric. <b>Data S15 (separate file): S15.csv</b>- CSV file derived from the GTAP dataset, containing Monte Carlo simulation results (500 draws) for the uncertainty analysis of production-based premature deaths. Column Producer: The producing country–sector pair responsible for the emissions leading to health impacts. Column Affected Country: The country where the resulting premature deaths occur. Column Deaths: The estimated number of deaths corresponding to the one used in the main analysis. Columns Deaths_median, Deaths_low95, Deaths_high95: The median, 2.5th percentile, and 97.5th percentile values across 500 Monte Carlo draws of the GEMM θ parameter, representing the 95% confidence interval for each producer–affected country pair. <b>Data S16 (separate file): S16.csv</b>- CSV file derived from the GTAP dataset, containing Monte Carlo simulation results (500 draws) for the uncertainty analysis of consumption-based premature deaths. Column Consumer: The consuming country whose final demand drives the global production and associated health impacts. Column Affected Country: The country where the resulting premature deaths occur. Column Deaths: The estimated number of deaths corresponding to the one used in the main analysis. Columns Deaths_median, Deaths_low95, Deaths_high95: The median, 2.5th percentile, and 97.5th percentile values across 500 Monte Carlo draws of the GEMM θ parameter, representing the 95% confidence interval for each consumer–affected country combination.

Productivity throughout the North American Great Plains grasslands is generally considered to be water limited, with the strength of this limitation increasing as precipitation decreases. We hypothesize that cumulative actual evapotranspiration water loss (AET) from April to July is the precipitation‐related variable most correlated to aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in the U.S. Great Plains (GP). We tested this by evaluating the relationship of ANPP to AET, precipitation, and plant transpiration (Tr). We used multi‐year ANPP data from five sites ranging from semiarid grasslands in Colorado and Wyoming to mesic grasslands in Nebraska and Kansas, mean annual NRCS ANPP, and satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Results from the five sites showed that cumulative April‐to‐July AET, precipitation, and Tr were well correlated (R2: 0.54–0.70) to annual changes in ANPP for all but the wettest site. AET and Tr were better correlated to annual changes in ANPP compared to precipitation for the drier sites, and precipitation in August and September had little impact on productivity in drier sites. April‐to‐July cumulative precipitation was best correlated (R2 = 0.63) with interannual variability in ANPP in the most mesic site, while AET and Tr were poorly correlated with ANPP at this site. Cumulative growing season (May‐to‐September) NDVI (iNDVI) was strongly correlated with annual ANPP at the five sites (R2 = 0.90). Using iNDVI as a surrogate for ANPP, we found that county‐level cumulative April–July AET was more strongly correlated to ANPP than precipitation for more than 80% of the GP counties, with precipitation tending to perform better in the eastern more mesic portion of the GP. Including the ratio of AET to potential evapotranspiration (PET) improved the correlation of AET to both iNDVI and mean county‐level NRCS ANPP. Accounting for how different precipitation‐related variables control ANPP (AET in drier portion, precipitation in wetter portion) provides opportunity to develop spatially explicit forecasting of ANPP across the GP for enhancing decision‐making by land managers and use of grassland ANPP for biofuels.

This dataset includes the FITS files for all ALMA images used in the ApJ publication "Multiband ALMA Polarization Observations of BHB 07-11 Reveal Aligned Dust Grains in Complex Spiral Arm Structures". Additionally, this dataset includes details regarding the data reduction process so that interested users can perform the reduction and imaging themselves.

Microbial lipid metabolism is an attractive route for producing oleochemicals. The predominant strategy centers on heterologous thioesterases to synthesize desired chain-length fatty acids. To convert acids to oleochemicals (e.g., fatty alcohols, ketones), the narrowed fatty acid pool needs to be reactivated as coenzyme A thioesters at cost of one ATP per reactivation – an expense that could be saved if the acyl-chain was directly transferred from ACP- to CoA-thioester. Here, we demonstrate such an alternative acyl-transferase strategy by heterologous expression of PhaG, an enzyme first identified in Pseudomonads, that transfers 3-hydroxy acyl-chains between acyl-carrier protein and coenzyme A thioester forms for creating polyhydroxyalkanoate monomers. We use it to create a pool of acyl-CoA’s that can be redirected to oleochemical products. Through bioprospecting, mutagenesis, and metabolic engineering, we develop three strains of Escherichia coli capable of producing over 1 g/L of medium-chain free fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and methyl ketones.

Plants produce many high-value oleochemical molecules. While oil-crop agriculture is performed at industrial scales, suitable land is not available to meet global oleochemical demand. Worse, establishing new oil-crop farms often comes with the environmental cost of tropical deforestation. The field of metabolic engineering offers tools to transplant oleochemical metabolism into tractable hosts while simultaneously providing access to molecules produced by non-agricultural plants. Here, we evaluate strategies for rewiring metabolism in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to synthesize a foreign lipid, 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (acTAG). Oils made up of acTAG have a reduced viscosity and melting point relative to traditional triacylglycerol oils making them attractive as low-grade diesels, lubricants, and emulsifiers. This manuscript describes a metabolic engineering study that established acTAG production at g/L scale, exploration of the impact of lipid bodies on acTAG titer, and a techno-economic analysis that establishes the performance benchmarks required for microbial acTAG production to be economically feasible.

Medium-chain length methyl ketones are potential blending fuels due to their cetane numbers and low melting temperatures. Biomanufacturing offers the potential to produce these molecules from renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, we designed and tested metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli to specifically produce 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone. We achieved substantial production of each ketone by introducing chain-length specific acyl-ACP thioesterases, blocking the β-oxidation cycle at an advantageous reaction, and introducing active β-ketoacyl-CoA thioesterases. Using a bioprospecting approach, we identified 15 homologs of E. coli β-ketoacyl-CoA thioesterase (FadM) and evaluated the in vivo activity of each against various chain length substrates. The FadM variant from Providencia sneebia produced the most 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone, suggesting it has the highest activity on the corresponding β-ketoacyl-CoA substrates. We tested enzyme variants, including acyl-CoA oxidases, thiolases, and bi-functional 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases to maximize conversion of fatty acids to β-keto acyl-CoAs for 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone production. In order to address the issue of product loss during fermentation, we applied a 20% (v/v) dodecane layer in the bioreactor and built an external water cooling condenser connecting to the bioreactor heat-transferring condenser coupling to the condenser. Using these modifications, we were able to generate up to 4.4 g/L total medium-chain length methyl ketones.

Oleaginous yeasts are a promising candidate for the sustainable conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks into fuels and chemicals, but their growth on these substrates can be inhibited as a result of upstream pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. Previous studies indicate a high citrate buffer concentration during hydrolysis inhibits downstream cell growth and ethanol fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, an engineered Rhodosporidium toruloides strain with enhanced lipid accumulation was grown on sorghum hydrolysate with high and low citrate buffer concentrations. Both hydrolysis conditions resulted in similar sugar recovery rates and concentrations. No significant differences in cell growth, sugar utilization rates, or lipid production rates were observed between the two citrate buffer conditions during batch fermentation of R. toruloides. Under fed-batch growth on low-citrate hydrolysate a lipid titer of 16.7 g/L was obtained. Citrate buffer was not found to inhibit growth or lipid production in this engineered R. toruloides strain, nor did reducing the citrate buffer concentration negatively affect sugar yields in the hydrolysate. As this process is scaled-up, $131 per ton of hydrothermally pretreated biomass can be saved by use of the lower citrate buffer concentration during enzymatic hydrolysis.

This repository contains supplementary information, alternate genome assemblies, annotation, and predicted protein datasets for Notothenia coriiceps and Paranotothenia angustata genome assemblies. Primary assemblies, mitochondrial assemblies, RNA-Seq data, and raw read data can be found under NCBI Bioproject PRJNA1310647.

Transgenic bioenergy crops have shown the potential to produce vegetative oil by accumulating energy-rich triacylglyceride molecules that can be converted into biofuels (biodiesel and biojet). These transgenic crops cater to improved biofuel yield by providing lipids along with cellulosic sugars. Efficient bioprocessing technologies are needed to utilize these transgenic plants to their maximum potential. To this end, this study investigates a low- and high-severity chemical-free hydrothermal pretreatment of transgenic oilcane 1566 bagasse with in situ lipids to maximize the recovery of lipids for biodiesel and fermentable sugars for ethanol with minimal inhibitor generation. Hydrothermal pretreatment at 170°C recovered ∼25% of total lipids in the pretreatment liquor, leaving the remainder in bagasse residue for hexane recovery post fermentation. The recovery of lipids in pretreatment liquor remained constant beyond 170°C. Along with lipids, ∼35% w/w and ∼50% w/w fermentable sugars were recovered post saccharification from bagasse pretreated at 170°C and 210°C for 20 min, respectively. Hydrothermal pretreatment at 170°C for 20 min provided the optimum conditions for maximum recovery of lipids and cellulosic sugars that resulted in enhanced biofuel yield per unit biomass. High severity pretreatment increased the generation of inhibitors beyond the tolerance of fermentation microorganisms. In addition, the application of time-domain proton NMR spectroscopy was extended to bioprocessing. NMR technology facilitated the analysis of total lipids, the composition of fatty acids, and the characterization of free and bound lipids in untreated and pretreated oilcane 1566 bagasse subsequent to each step of biomass to biofuel conversion.

Chemical-free hydrothermal pretreatment of Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) at the lab scale using high liquid-to-solid ratios resulted in the recovery of anthocyanins and enhanced enzymatic digestibility of residual biomass. In this study, the process is scaled up by using a continuous hydrothermal pretreatment reactor operated at a low liquid-to-solid ratio (50 % w/w solids) as an important step towards commercialization. Anthocyanin yield was 70 % w/w at the pilot scale (50 kg of Mxg), compared to the 94 % w/w yield achieved at the lab scale (0.5 g of Mxg). The pretreated biomass was subsequently refined mechanically using a disc mill to increase the accessibility of cellulose by cellulases. Enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated and disc-milled residue yielded 238 g/L sugar concentration by operating in fed-batch mode at 50 % w/v solids content. Two strains of Rhodosporidium toruloides were evaluated for converting the hydrolysate sugars into microbial lipids, and strain Y-6987 had the highest lipid titer (11.0 g/L). Further, the residue left after enzymatic saccharification was determined to be enriched 1.7-fold in the lignin content. This lignin-rich residue has value as a feedstock for the production of sustainable aviation fuel precursors and other high-value lignin-based chemicals. Hence the proposed biorefinery based on Mxg creates an opportunity for generating revenue from multiple high-value products. As the demand for biofuels and biobased products is rising, the biorefinery products from Mxg would create a niche in the industrial sector.

Triacylglycerols (TAG), accumulate within lipid droplets (LD), predominantly surrounded by OLEOSINs (OLE), that protect TAG from hydrolysis. We tested the hypothesis that identifying and removing degradation signals from OLE would promote its abundance, preventing TAG degradation and enhancing TAG accumulation. We tested whether mutating potential ubiquitin-conjugation sites in a previously reported improved Sesamum indicum OLE (SiO) variant, o3-3 Cys-OLE (SiCO herein), would stabilize it and increase its lipogenic potential. SiCOv1 was created by replacing all five lysines in SiCO with arginines. Separately, six cysteine residues within SiCO were deleted to create SiCOv2. SiCOv1 and SiCOv2 mutations were combined to create SiCOv3. Transient expression of SiCOv3 in Nicotiana benthamiana increased TAG by two-fold relative to SiCO. Constitutive expression of SiCOv3 or SiCOv5, containing the five predominant TAG-increasing mutations from SiCOv3, in Arabidopsis along with mouse DGAT2 (mD) increased TAG accumulation by 54% in leaves and 13% in seeds compared with control lines coexpressing SiCO and mD. Lipid synthesis rates increased, consistent with an increase in lipid sink strength that sequesters newly synthesized TAG, thereby relieving the constitutive BADC-dependent inhibition of ACCase reported for WT Arabidopsis. These OLE variants represent novel factors for potentially increasing TAG accumulation in a variety of oil crops.

Cellulosic biomass-based sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) can be produced from various feedstocks. The breakeven price and carbon intensity of these feedstock-to-SAF pathways are likely to differ across feedstocks and across spatial locations due to differences in feedstock attributes, productivity, opportunity costs of land for feedstock production, soil carbon effects, and feedstock composition. We integrate feedstock to fuel supply chain economics and life-cycle carbon accounting using the same system boundary to quantify and compare the spatially varying greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities and costs of GHG abatement with SAFs derived from four feedstocks (switchgrass, miscanthus, energy sorghum, and corn stover) at 4 km resolution across the U.S. rainfed region. We show that the optimal feedstock for each location differs depending on whether the incentive is to lower breakeven price, carbon intensity, or cost of carbon abatement with biomass or to have high biomass production per unit land. The cost of abating GHG emissions with SAF ranges from $181 Mg−1 CO2e to more than $444 Mg−1 CO2e and is lowest with miscanthus in the Midwest, switchgrass in the south, and energy sorghum in a relatively small region in the Great Plains. While corn stover-based SAF has the lowest breakeven price per gallon, it has the highest cost of abatement due to its relatively high GHG intensity. Our findings imply that different types of policies, such as volumetric targets, tax credits, and low carbon fuel standards, will differ in the mix of feedstocks they incentivize and locations where they are produced in the U.S. rainfed region. <b>Note: Column V in TableS7_DayCentSimulatedYield.csv should be labelled Corn Stover CoSo-NT-50% Max.</b>