University Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

This data comes from a scoping review associated with the project called Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science. The data summarizes the fields that have been explored by existing research on retraction, a list of studies comparing retraction in different fields, and a list of studies focused on retraction of COVID-19 articles.

Please cite as: Jim Miller, Sergiusz Czesny, Qihong Dai, James Ellis, Louis Iverson, Jeff Matthews, Charles Roswell, Cory Suski, John Taft, and Mike Ward. 2021. “Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystems: Scientific and Common Species Names”.

Raw data and its analysis collected from a trial designed to test the impact of providing a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on the syndrome resulting from orally infecting pigs with either Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) alone, or in combination with an intranasal challenge, three days later, with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

This dataset contains 1) the cleaned version of 11 CRW datasets, 2) RNASim10k dataset in high fragmentation and 3) three CRW datasets (16S.3, 16S.T, 16S.B.ALL) in high fragmentation.

This document contains the Supplemental Materials for Chapter 4: Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture from the report "An Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change in Illinois" published in 2021.

Supplemental Forest Data for Chapter 6: Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystems in "An Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change in Illinois"

This dataset includes five files. Descriptions of the files are given as follows: <b>FILENAME: PubMed_retracted_publication_full_v3.tsv</b> - Bibliographic data of retracted papers indexed in PubMed (retrieved on August 20, 2020, searched with the query "retracted publication" [PT] ). - Except for the information in the "cited_by" column, all the data is from PubMed. - PMIDs in the "cited_by" column that meet either of the two conditions below have been excluded from analyses: [1] PMIDs of the citing papers are from retraction notices (i.e., those in the “retraction_notice_PMID.csv” file). [2] Citing paper and the cited retracted paper have the same PMID. ROW EXPLANATIONS - Each row is a retracted paper. There are 7,813 retracted papers. COLUMN HEADER EXPLANATIONS 1) PMID - PubMed ID 2) Title - Paper title 3) Authors - Author names 4) Citation - Bibliographic information of the paper 5) First Author - First author's name 6) Journal/Book - Publication name 7) Publication Year 8) Create Date - The date the record was added to the PubMed database 9) PMCID - PubMed Central ID (if applicable, otherwise blank) 10) NIHMS ID - NIH Manuscript Submission ID (if applicable, otherwise blank) 11) DOI - Digital object identifier (if applicable, otherwise blank) 12) retracted_in - Information of retraction notice (given by PubMed) 13) retracted_yr - Retraction year identified from "retracted_in" (if applicable, otherwise blank) 14) cited_by - PMIDs of the citing papers. (if applicable, otherwise blank) Data collected from iCite. 15) retraction_notice_pmid - PMID of the retraction notice (if applicable, otherwise blank) <b>FILENAME: PubMed_retracted_publication_CitCntxt_withYR_v3.tsv</b> - This file contains citation contexts (i.e., citing sentences) where the retracted papers were cited. The citation contexts were identified from the XML version of PubMed Central open access (PMCOA) articles. - This is part of the data from: Hsiao, T.-K., & Torvik, V. I. (manuscript in preparation). Citation contexts identified from PubMed Central open access articles: A resource for text mining and citation analysis. - Citation contexts that meet either of the two conditions below have been excluded from analyses: [1] PMIDs of the citing papers are from retraction notices (i.e., those in the “retraction_notice_PMID.csv” file). [2] Citing paper and the cited retracted paper have the same PMID. ROW EXPLANATIONS - Each row is a citation context associated with one retracted paper that's cited. - In the manuscript, we count each citation context once, even if it cites multiple retracted papers. COLUMN HEADER EXPLANATIONS 1) pmcid - PubMed Central ID of the citing paper 2) pmid - PubMed ID of the citing paper 3) year - Publication year of the citing paper 4) location - Location of the citation context (abstract = abstract, body = main text, back = supporting material, tbl_fig_caption = tables and table/figure captions) 5) IMRaD - IMRaD section of the citation context (I = Introduction, M = Methods, R = Results, D = Discussions/Conclusion, NoIMRaD = not identified) 6) sentence_id - The ID of the citation context in a given location. For location information, please see column 4. The first sentence in the location gets the ID 1, and subsequent sentences are numbered consecutively. 7) total_sentences - Total number of sentences in a given location 8) intxt_id - Identifier of a cited paper. Here, a cited paper is the retracted paper. 9) intxt_pmid - PubMed ID of a cited paper. Here, a cited paper is the retracted paper. 10) citation - The citation context 11) progression - Position of a citation context by centile within the citing paper. 12) retracted_yr - Retraction year of the retracted paper 13) post_retraction - 0 = not post-retraction citation; 1 = post-retraction citation. A post-retraction citation is a citation made after the calendar year of retraction. <b>FILENAME: 724_knowingly_post_retraction_cit.csv</b> (updated) - The 724 post-retraction citation contexts that we determined knowingly cited the 7,813 retracted papers in "PubMed_retracted_publication_full_v3.tsv". - Two citation contexts from retraction notices have been excluded from analyses. ROW EXPLANATIONS - Each row is a citation context. COLUMN HEADER EXPLANATIONS 1) pmcid - PubMed Central ID of the citing paper 2) pmid - PubMed ID of the citing paper 3) pub_type - Publication type collected from the metadata in the PMCOA XML files. 4) pub_type2 - Specific article types. Please see the manuscript for explanations. 5) year - Publication year of the citing paper 6) location - Location of the citation context (abstract = abstract, body = main text, back = supporting material, table_or_figure_caption = tables and table/figure captions) 7) intxt_id - Identifier of a cited paper. Here, a cited paper is the retracted paper. 8) intxt_pmid - PubMed ID of a cited paper. Here, a cited paper is the retracted paper. 9) citation - The citation context 10) retracted_yr - Retraction year of the retracted paper 11) cit_purpose - Purpose of citing the retracted paper. This is from human annotations. Please see the manuscript for further information about annotation. 12) longer_context - A extended version of the citation context. (if applicable, otherwise blank) Manually pulled from the full-texts in the process of annotation. <b>FILENAME: Annotation manual.pdf</b> - The manual for annotating the citation purposes in column 11) of the 724_knowingly_post_retraction_cit.tsv. <b>FILENAME: retraction_notice_PMID.csv</b> (new file added for this version) - A list of 8,346 PMIDs of retraction notices indexed in PubMed (retrieved on August 20, 2020, searched with the query "retraction of publication" [PT] ).

This dataset contains 1 CSV file: RozanskyLarsonTaylorMsat.csv which contains microsatellite fragment lengths for Virile and Spothanded Crayfish from the Current River watershed of Missouri, U.S., and complimentary data, including assignments to species by phenotype and COI sequence data, GenBank accession numbers for COI sequence data, study sites with dates of collection and geographic coordinates, and Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) Crustacean Collection lots where specimens are stored.

Data associated with the manuscript "Do rusty crayfish invasions affect water clarity in north temperate lakes?" by Daniel K. Szydlowski, Melissa K. Daniels, and Eric R. lARSON

This dataset contains data from extreme-disagreement analysis described in paper “Aaron M. Cohen, Jodi Schneider, Yuanxi Fu, Marian S. McDonagh, Prerna Das, Arthur W. Holt, Neil R. Smalheiser, 2021, Fifty Ways to Tag your Pubtypes: Multi-Tagger, a Set of Probabilistic Publication Type and Study Design Taggers to Support Biomedical Indexing and Evidence-Based Medicine.” In this analysis, our team experts carried out an independent formal review and consensus process for extreme disagreements between MEDLINE indexing and model predictive scores. “Extreme disagreements” included two situations: (1) an abstract was MEDLINE indexed as a publication type but received low scores for this publication type, and (2) an abstract received high scores for a publication type but lacked the corresponding MEDLINE index term. “High predictive score” is defined as the top 100 high-scoring, and “low predictive score” is defined as the bottom 100 low-scoring. Three publication types were analyzed, which are CASE_CONTROL_STUDY, COHORT_STUDY, and CROSS_SECTIONAL_STUDY. Results were recorded in three Excel workbooks, named after the publication types: case_control_study.xlsx, cohort_study.xlsx, and cross_sectional_study.xlsx. The analysis shows that, when the tagger gave a high predictive score (>0.9) on articles that lacked a corresponding MEDLINE indexing term, independent review suggested that the model assignment was correct in almost all cases (CROSS_SECTIONAL_STUDY (99%), CASE_CONTROL_STUDY (94.9%), and COHORT STUDY (92.2%)). Conversely, when articles received MEDLINE indexing but model predictive scores were very low (<0.1), independent review suggested that the model assignment was correct in the majority of cases: CASE_CONTROL_STUDY (85.4%), COHORT STUDY (76.3%), and CROSS_SECTIONAL_STUDY (53.6%). Based on the extreme disagreement analysis, we identified a number of false-positives (FPs) and false-negatives (FNs). For case control study, there were 5 FPs and 14 FNs. For cohort study, there were 7 FPs and 22 FNs. For cross-sectional study, there were 1 FP and 45 FNs. We reviewed and grouped them based on patterns noticed, providing clues for further improving the models. This dataset reports the instances of FPs and FNs along with their categorizations.

The dataset contains the high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry XmL files for the atrial gland and red hemiduct of Aplysia californica.

This dataset containes the images of B73xMS71 RIL population used in QTL linkage mapping for maize epidermal traits in year 2016 and 2017. 2016RIL_all_mns.rar and 2017RIL_all_mns.rar: contain raw images produced by Nanofocus lsurf Explorer Optical Topometer (Oberhausen, Germany) at 20X magnification with 0.6 numerical aperture. Files were processed in Nanofocus μsurf analysis extended software (Oberhausen,Germany). 2016RIL_all_TIF.rar and 2017RIL_all_TIF.rar: contain images processed from the Topology layer in each nms file to strengthen the edges of cell outlines, and used in downstream cell detection. 2016RIL_all_detection_result.rar and 2017RIL_all_detection_result.rar: contain images with epidermal cells predicted using the Mask R-CNN model. training data.rar: contain images used for Mask R-CNN model training and validation.

This dataset contains EEG and Temperature data acquired from inside the bore of an MRI scanner during scanning with two different types of fMRI sequences: single-band and and multi-band. The EEG data were acquired from the heads of adult humans undergoing scanning, and can be used to assess differences in EEG data quality due to sequence type. The temperature data were acquired from a watermelon phantom and can be used to assess heating differences due to sequence type.

This dataset consists of the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling data that was collected with a Cameca NanoSIMS 50 instrument from a 10 micron by 10 micron region on a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell that had been metabolically labeled so most of its sphingolipids and cholesterol contained the rare nitrogen-15 oxygen-18 isotopes, respectively.

Thank you for using these datasets. These RNAsim aligned fragmentary sequences were generated from the query sequences selected by Balaban et al. (2019) in their variable-size datasets (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.78nf7dq). They were created for use for phylogenetic placement with the multiple sequence alignments and backbone trees provided by Balaban et al. (2019). The file structures included here also correspond with the data Balaban et al. (2020) provided. This includes: Directories for five varying backbone tree sizes, shown as 5000, 10000, 50000, 100000, and 200000. These directory names are also used by Balaban et al. (2019), and indicate the size of the backbone tree included in their data. Subdirectories for each replicate from the backbone tree size labelled 0 through 4. For the smaller four backbone tree sizes there are five replicates, and for the largest there is one replicate. Each replicate contains 200 text files with one aligned query sequence fragment in fasta format.

Model output dataset (6-hourly) from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations over South America with the added capability of water vapor tracers to track the moisture that originates over the Amazon and the La Plata river basins. The simulations were performed for the period 2003-2013 at 20-km horizontal resolution fully coupled with the Noah-MP land surface model. Limited number of original output variables sufficient for reproducing the analyses in papers that cite this dataset are included here. The attached wrfout_southamerica_readme.txt contains detailed information about the file format and variables. For the complete model dataset, contact francina@illinois.edu.

This repository contains the weights for two StyleGAN2 networks trained on two composite T1 and T2 weighted open-source brain MR image datasets, and one StyleGAN2 network trained on the Flickr Face HQ image dataset. Example images sampled from the respective StyleGANs are also included. The datasets themselves are not included in this repository. The weights are stored as `.pkl` files. The code and instructions to load and use the weights can be found at https://github.com/comp-imaging-sci/pic-recon . Additional details and citations can be found in the file "README.md".

Chronic contact exposure to realistic soil concentrations (0, 7.5, 15, and 100 ppb) of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid had species- and sex-specific effects on adult bee movement characteristics, but not on adult female bee brain development. This dataset contains two data files. The first contains information about adult bee movement characteristics for female Osmia lignaria and female and male Megachile rotundata over a 10-minute trial (total distance traveled and average movement speed). The second contains information about female Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata adult brain morphology. Detected effects included: female Osmia lignaria adults moved faster as they aged in the 0 and 7.5 ppb, but not in the 15 or 100 ppb, groups; young male Megachile rotundata adults moved more quickly (7.5 and 100 ppb) and farther (100 ppb) when treated with imidacloprid compared to the control group (0 ppb); and, while there was no impact of imidacloprid on adult female neuropil:Kenyon cell volume (N:K), N:K decreased with Osmia ligaria adult age and increased with Megachile rotundata adult age.

Steady-state and dynamic gas exchange data for maize (B73), sugarcane (CP88-1762) and sorghum (Tx430)

Data sets from "Inferring Species Trees from Gene-Family with Duplication and Loss using Multi-Copy Gene-Family Tree Decomposition." It contains trees and sequences simulated with gene duplication and loss under a variety of different conditions. <b>Note:</b> - trees.tar.gz contains the simulated gene-family trees used in our experiments (both true trees from SimPhy as well as trees estimated from alignements). - sequences.tar.gz contains simulated sequence data used for estimating the gene-family trees as well as the concatenation analysis. - biological.tar.gz contains the gene trees used as inputs for the experiments we ran on empirical data sets as well as species trees outputted by the methods we tested on those data sets. - stats.txt list statistics (such as AD, MGTE, and average size) for our simulated model conditions.

Please cite as: Menglin Liu and Benjamin M. Gramig. "Survey of Cover Crop, Conservation Tillage and Nutrient Management Practice Usage in Illinois and 2020 Fall Covers for Spring Savings Crop Insurance Discount Program Participation." Report to the Illinois Department of Agriculture and Fall Covers for Spring Savings working group. Center for the Economics of Sustainability and Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 2021. https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-5222984_V1

This is the complete dataset for the "Anomalous density fluctuations in a strange metal" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721495115). This is an integration of the Zenodo dataset which includes raw M-EELS data. <b>METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION</b> 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Data have been collected with a M-EELS instrument and according to the data acquisition protocol described in the original PNAS publication and in SciPost Phys. 3, 026 (2017) (doi: 10.21468/SciPostPhys.3.4.026) 2. Methods for processing the data: Raw data were collected with a channeltron-based M-EELS apparatus described in the reference PNAS publication and analyzed according to the procedure outlined both in the PNAS paper and in SciPost Phys. 3, 026 (2017) (doi: 10.21468/SciPostPhys.3.4.026). The raw M-EELS spectra at each momentum have been subject to minor data processing involving: (a) averaging of different acquisitions at the same conditions, (b) energy binning, (c) division of an effective Coulomb matrix element (which yields a structure factor S(q,\omega)), (d) antisymmetrization (which yields the imaginary chi) All these procedures are described in the PNAS paper. 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: These data are simple .txt or .dat files which can be read with any standard data analysis software, notably Python notebooks, MatLab, Origin, IgorPro, and others. We do not include scripts in order to provide maximum flexibility. 4. Relationship between files, if important: We divided in different folders raw data, structure factors and imaginary chi. <b>DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION</b> There are 8 folders within the Data_public_deposition_v1.zip. Each folder contain data needed to create the corresponding figure in the publication. <b>1. Fig1:</b> This folder contains 21 DAT files needed to plot the theory data in panels C and D, following this naming conventions: [chiA]or[chiB]or[Pi]_q_number.dat With chiA is the imaginary RPA charge susceptibility with a Coulomb interaction of electronically weakly coupled layers chiB is the imaginary RPA charge susceptibility with the usual 4\pi e^2/q^2 Coulomb interaction. Pi is the imaginary Lindhard polarizability. q is momentum in reciprocal lattice units Number is the numerical momentum value in reciprocal lattice units <b>2. Fig2:</b> Files needed to plot Fig. 2 of the PNAS paper. Contains 3 folders as listed below. The files in this folder are named following this convention: Bi2212_295K_(1,-1)_50eV_161107_q_number_2.16_avg.dat, 295K is the sample temperature (1,-1) is the momentum direction in reciprocal lattice units 50 eV is the incident e beam energy 161107 is the start date of the experiment in yymmdd format Q is the momentum Number is the momentum in reciprocal lattice units 2.16 is the energy range covered by the data in eV Avg identifies averaged data ImChi: is the imaginary susceptibility obtained by antisymmetryzing the structure factor Raw_avg_data: raw averaged M-EELS spectra Sqw: Structure factors derived from the M-EELS spectra <b>3. Fig3:</b> Files needed to plot Fig. 3 of the PNAS paper. OP/ OD prefix identifies optimally doped or overdosed sample data, respectively. ImChi: is the imaginary susceptibility obtained by antisymmetryzing the structure factor Raw_avg_data: raw averaged M-EELS spectra Sqw: Structure factors derived from the M-EELS spectra <b>4. Fig4:</b> Files needed to plot Fig. 4 of the PNAS paper. The _fit_parameters.dat file contains the fit parameters extracted according to the fit procedure described in the manuscript and at all momenta. ImChi: is the imaginary susceptibility obtained by antisymmetryzing the structure factor Raw_avg_data: raw averaged M-EELS spectra Sqw: Structure factors derived from the M-EELS spectra <b>5. FigS1:</b> Files needed to plot Fig. S1 of the PNAS paper. There are 5 files in this folder. DAT files are M-EELS data following the prior naming convention, while the two .txt files are digitized data from N. Nücker, U. Eckern, J. Fink, and P. Müller, Long-Wavelength Collective Excitations of Charge Carriers in High-Tc Superconductors, Phys. Rev. B 44, 7155(R) (1991), and K. H. G. Schulte, The interplay of Spectroscopy and Correlated Materials, Ph.D. thesis, University of Groningen (2002). <b>6. FigS2:</b> Files needed to plot Fig. S2 of the PNAS paper. ImChi: is the imaginary susceptibility obtained by antisymmetryzing the structure factor Raw_avg_data: raw averaged M-EELS spectra Sqw: Structure factors derived from the M-EELS spectra <b>7. FigS3:</b> Files needed to plot Fig. S3 of the PNAS paper. There are 2 files in this folder: 20K_phi_0_q_0.dat: is a M-EELS raw intensity at zero momentum transfer on Bi2212 at 20 K 295K_phi_0_q_0.dat: is a M-EELS raw intensity at zero momentum transfer on Bi2212 at 295 K <b>8. FigS4:</b> Files needed to plot Fig. S4 of the PNAS paper. The _fit_parameters.dat file contains the fit parameters extracted according to the fit procedure described in the manuscript and at all momenta. ImChi: is the imaginary susceptibility obtained by antisymmetryzing the structure factor Raw_avg_data: raw averaged M-EELS spectra Sqw: Structure factors derived from the M-EELS spectra

Please cite as: Wuebbles, D., J. Angel, K. Petersen, and A.M. Lemke, (Eds.), 2021: An Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change in Illinois. The Nature Conservancy, Illinois, USA. https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-1260194_V1 Climate change is a major environmental challenge that is likely to affect many aspects of life in Illinois, ranging from human and environmental health to the economy. Illinois is already experiencing impacts from the changing climate and, as climate change progresses and temperatures continue to rise, these impacts are expected to increase over time. This assessment takes an in-depth look at how the climate is changing now in Illinois, and how it is projected to change in the future, to provide greater clarity on how climate change could affect urban and rural communities in the state. Beyond providing an overview of anticipated climate changes, the report explores predicted effects on hydrology, agriculture, human health, and native ecosystems.

These are the data sets associated with our publication "Field borders provide winter refuge for beneficial predators and parasitoids: a case study on organic farms." For this project, we compared the communities of overwintering arthropod natural enemies in organic cultivated fields and wildflower-strip field borders at five different sites in central Illinois. Abstract: Semi-natural field borders are frequently used in midwestern U.S. sustainable agriculture. These habitats are meant to help diversify otherwise monocultural landscapes and provision them with ecosystem services, including biological control. Predatory and parasitic arthropods (i.e., potential natural enemies) often flourish in these habitats and may move into crops to help control pests. However, detailed information on the capacity of semi-natural field borders for providing overwintering refuge for these arthropods is poorly understood. In this study, we used soil emergence tents to characterize potential natural enemy communities (i.e., predacious beetles, wasps, spiders, and other arthropods) overwintering in cultivated organic crop fields and adjacent field borders. We found a greater abundance, species richness, and unique community composition of predatory and parasitic arthropods in field borders compared to arable crop fields, which were generally poorly suited as overwintering habitat. Furthermore, potential natural enemies tended to be positively associated with forb cover and negatively associated with grass cover, suggesting that grassy field borders with less forb cover are less well-suited as winter refugia. These results demonstrate that semi-natural habitats like field borders may act as a source for many natural enemies on a year-to-year basis and are important for conserving arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes.

Prepared by Vetle Torvik 2021-05-07 The dataset comes as a single tab-delimited Latin-1 encoded file (only the City column uses non-ASCII characters). • How was the dataset created? The dataset is based on a snapshot of PubMed (which includes Medline and PubMed-not-Medline records) taken in December, 2018. (NLMs baseline 2018 plus updates throughout 2018). Affiliations are linked to a particular author on a particular article. Prior to 2014, NLM recorded the affiliation of the first author only. However, MapAffil 2018 covers some PubMed records lacking affiliations that were harvested elsewhere, from PMC (e.g., PMID 22427989), NIH grants (e.g., 1838378), and Microsoft Academic Graph and ADS (e.g. 5833220). Affiliations are pre-processed (e.g., transliterated into ASCII from UTF-8 and html) so they may differ (sometimes a lot; see PMID 27487542) from PubMed records. All affiliation strings where processed using the MapAffil procedure, to identify and disambiguate the most specific place-name, as described in: Torvik VI. MapAffil: A bibliographic tool for mapping author affiliation strings to cities and their geocodes worldwide. D-Lib Magazine 2015; 21 (11/12). 10p • Look for Fig. 4 in the following article for coverage statistics over time: Palmblad, M., Torvik, V.I. Spatiotemporal analysis of tropical disease research combining Europe PMC and affiliation mapping web services. Trop Med Health 45, 33 (2017). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-017-0073-6">https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-017-0073-6</a> Expect to see big upticks in coverage of PMIDs around 1988 and for non-first authors in 2014. • The code and back-end data is periodically updated and made available for query by PMID at http://abel.ischool.illinois.edu/cgi-bin/mapaffil/search.py • What is the format of the dataset? The dataset contains 52,931,957 rows (plus a header row). Each row (line) in the file has a unique PMID and author order, and contains the following eighteen columns, tab-delimited. All columns are ASCII, except city which contains Latin-1. 1. PMID: positive non-zero integer; int(10) unsigned 2. au_order: positive non-zero integer; smallint(4) 3. lastname: varchar(80) 4. firstname: varchar(80); NLM started including these in 2002 but many have been harvested from outside PubMed 5. initial_2: middle name initial 6. orcid: From 2019 ORCID Public Data File https://orcid.org/ and from PubMed XML 7. year: year of the publication 8. journal: name of journal that the publication is published 9. affiliation: author's affiliation?? 10. disciplines: extracted from departments, divisions, schools, laboratories, centers, etc. that occur on at least unique 100 affiliations across the dataset, some with standardization (e.g., 1770799), English translations (e.g., 2314876), or spelling corrections (e.g., 1291843) 11. grid: inferred using a high-recall technique focused on educational institutions (but, for experimental purposes, includes a few select hospitals, national institutes/centers, international companies, governmental agencies, and 200+ other IDs [RINGGOLD, Wikidata, ISNI, VIAF, http] for institutions not in GRID). Based on 2019 GRID version https://www.grid.ac/ 12. type: EDU, HOS, EDU-HOS, ORG, COM, GOV, MIL, UNK 13. city: varchar(200); typically 'city, state, country' but could include further subdivisions; unresolved ambiguities are concatenated by '|' 14. state: Australia, Canada and USA (which includes territories like PR, GU, AS, and post-codes like AE and AA) 15. country 16. lat: at most 3 decimals (only available when city is not a country or state) 17. lon: at most 3 decimals (only available when city is not a country or state) 18. fips: varchar(5); for USA only retrieved by lat-lon query to https://geo.fcc.gov/api/census/block/find