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The increased awareness for eco-friendliness and sustainability has shifted the interest of stakeholders from synthetic colors to natural plant-based pigments. In this study, purple stemmed Miscanthus x giganteus was evaluated as a source of anthocyanins. Hydrothermal pretreatment was studied as a green, chemical-free process for recovering maximum anthocyanins in the pretreatment liquor. The highest recovery of 94.3 ± 1.5% w/w of the total anthocyanin concentration was obtained for a temperature and time combination of 170 °C and 10 min. The pretreatment also improved the enzymatic digestibility of the biomass and led to a 2.1-fold increase in the overall recovery of glucose (70.6 ± 0.5% w/w) at the end of 72 h. The sugar monomers obtained after the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass could be used for the production of biofuels or biochemicals in an integrated biorefinery based on purple-stemmed miscanthus. Overall, this study demonstrates that the clean pretreatment method developed could lead to an additional product stream (rich in anthocyanins) along with its effect in reducing the recalcitrance of miscanthus biomass.

This dataset contains records of four years of taxi operations in New York City and includes 697,622,444 trips. Each trip records the pickup and drop-off dates, times, and coordinates, as well as the metered distance reported by the taximeter. The trip data also includes fields such as the taxi medallion number, fare amount, and tip amount. The dataset was obtained through a Freedom of Information Law request from the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. The files in this dataset are optimized for use with the ‘decompress.py’ script included in this dataset. This file has additional documentation and contact information that may be of help if you run into trouble accessing the content of the zip files.

This dataset consists of raw ADC readings from a 3 transmitter 4 receiver 77GHz FMCW radar, together with synchronized RGB camera and depth (active stereo) measurements. The data is grouped into 4 distinct radar configurations: - "indoor" configuration with range <14m - "30m" with range <38m - "50m" with range <63m - "high_res" with doppler resolution of 0.043m/s # Related code https://github.com/moodoki/radical_sdk # Hardware Project Page https://publish.illinois.edu/radicaldata

Please cite as: Wuebbles, D., J. Angel, K. Petersen, and A.M. Lemke, (Eds.), 2021: An Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change in Illinois. The Nature Conservancy, Illinois, USA. https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-1260194_V1 Climate change is a major environmental challenge that is likely to affect many aspects of life in Illinois, ranging from human and environmental health to the economy. Illinois is already experiencing impacts from the changing climate and, as climate change progresses and temperatures continue to rise, these impacts are expected to increase over time. This assessment takes an in-depth look at how the climate is changing now in Illinois, and how it is projected to change in the future, to provide greater clarity on how climate change could affect urban and rural communities in the state. Beyond providing an overview of anticipated climate changes, the report explores predicted effects on hydrology, agriculture, human health, and native ecosystems.

This dataset contains the following to replicate figures from "TChem-atm (v2.0.0): Scalable Performance-Portable Multiphase Atmospheric Chemistry" submitted to Geophysical Model Development (GMD). It contains (1) the simulation inputs, outputs and analysis notebook for recreating the PartMC-CAMP and PartMC-TChem-atm comparison and (2) scripts, timing results and analysis tools for recreating the performance evaluation. Users can either inspect the raw output to verify the results of the manuscript or rerun simulations using the provided inputs. Additionally, modifiying the inputs allows for for further exploration of both model simulation and performance characteristics.

The data within consist of compressed output files in the form of edgelists (*.edgelist.gz) and nodelists (*.aux.parquet) from large citation network simulations using an agent-based model. The code and instructions are available at: <a href="https://github.com/illinois-or-research-analytics/SASCA">https://github.com/illinois-or-research-analytics/SASCA</a>. In addition, we provide a distribution of citation frequencies drawn from a random sample of PubMed journal articles (pooled_50k_pubmed_unique.csv) and a table of recencies- the frequency with which citations are made to the previous year, the year before that and so on (recency_probs_percent_stahl_filled.csv). A manuscript describing the SASCA-s simulator has been submitted for review and will be referenced in a future version of this data repository if it is accepted. The prefixes sj and er refer to the real world and Erdos-Renyi random graph respectively that were used to initiate simulations. These 'seed' networks are available from the Github site referenced above.

Plant cell wall hydrolysates contain not only sugars but also substantial amounts of acetate, a fermentation inhibitor that hinders bioconversion of lignocellulose. Despite the toxic and non-consumable nature of acetate during glucose metabolism, we demonstrate that acetate can be rapidly co-consumed with xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The co-consumption leads to a metabolic re-configuration that boosts the synthesis of acetyl-CoA derived bioproducts, including triacetic acid lactone (TAL) and vitamin A, in engineered strains. Notably, by co-feeding xylose and acetate, an engineered strain produces 23.91 g/L TAL with a productivity of 0.29 g/L/h in bioreactor fermentation. This strain also completely converts a hemicellulose hydrolysate of switchgrass into 3.55 g/L TAL. These findings establish a versatile strategy that not only transforms an inhibitor into a valuable substrate but also expands the capacity of acetyl-CoA supply in S. cerevisiae for efficient bioconversion of cellulosic biomass.

CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing has advanced our understanding of a myriad of important biological phenomena. Important challenges to multiplex genome editing in maize include assembly of large complex DNA constructs, few genotypes with efficient transformation systems, and costly/labor-intensive genotyping methods. Here we present an approach for multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system that delivers a single compact DNA construct via biolistics to Type I embryogenic calli, followed by a novel efficient genotyping assay to identify desirable editing outcomes. We first demonstrate the creation of heritable mutations at multiple target sites within the same gene. Next, we successfully created individual and stacked mutations for multiple members of a gene family. Genome sequencing found off-target mutations are rare. Multiplex genome editing was achieved for both the highly transformable inbred line H99 and Illinois Low Protein1 (ILP1), a genotype where transformation has not previously been reported. In addition to screening transformation events for deletion alleles by PCR, we also designed PCR assays that selectively amplify deletion or insertion of a single nucleotide, the most common outcome from DNA repair of CRISPR/Cas9 breaks by non-homologous end-joining. The Indel-Selective PCR (IS-PCR) method enabled rapid tracking of multiple edited alleles in progeny populations. The ‘end to end’ pipeline presented here for multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis can be applied to accelerate maize functional genomics in a broader diversity of genetic backgrounds.

DayCent MUVP version (Methanogenesis, UV litter degradation and Photosynthesis). DAYCENT is the daily time-step version of the CENTURY biogeochemical model (Parton et al., 1994). DAYCENT simulates fluxes of C and N among the atmosphere, vegetation, and soil (Del Grosso et al., 2001a; Parton et al., 1998). Key submodels include soil water content and temperature by layer, plant production and allocation of net primary production (NPP), decomposition of litter and soil organic matter, mineralization of nutrients, N gas emissions from nitrification and denitrification, and CH4 oxidation in non-saturated soils.

Dataset generated using the technique described in "EC-SBM synthetic network generator". This contains multiple synthetic networks with ground-truth community structure, which can be used to evaluate community detection methods. Note: * networks.zip contains the synthetic networks

Annotation of untargeted high-resolution full-scan LC-MS metabolomics data remains challenging due to individual metabolites generating multiple LC-MS peaks arising from isotopes, adducts, and fragments. Adduct annotation is a particular challenge, as the same mass difference between peaks can arise from adduct formation, fragmentation, or different biological species. To address this, here we describe a buffer modification workflow (BMW) in which the same sample is run by LC-MS in both liquid chromatography solvent with 14NH3–acetate buffer and in solvent with the buffer modified with 15NH3–formate. Buffer switching results in characteristic mass and signal intensity changes for adduct peaks, facilitating their annotation. This relatively simple and convenient chromatography modification annotated yeast metabolomics data with similar effectiveness to growing the yeast in isotope-labeled media. Application to mouse liver data annotated both known metabolite and known adduct peaks with 95% accuracy. Overall, it identified 26% of ∼27 000 liver LC-MS features as putative metabolites, of which ∼2600 showed HMDB or KEGG database formula match. This workflow is well suited to biological samples that cannot be readily isotope labeled, including plants, mammalian tissues, and tumors.

BEPAM, Biofuel and Environmental Policy Analysis Model, models the agricultural sector and determines economically optimal land-use and feedstock mix at the US scale by maximizing the sum of agricultural sector consumers’ and producers’ surplus subject to various resource balances, land availability, and technological constraints under a range of biomass prices, from zero to $140 Mg-1 over the 2016-2030 period. Here BEPAM is used to model SAF production using energy crops and crop residues. BEPAM uses the GAMS format and uses yield and GHG balance projections from the biogeochemical model, DayCent.

This page contains the data for the publication "Myc and Tor drive growth and cell competition in the regeneration blastema of Drosophila wing imaginal discs" published in Development, 2025.

Data consist of 55 acoustic recordings collected using Autonomous Recording Units (ARUs) from two locations and sampling periods. Specifically, data include 60-minute WAV files (8 folders, each contains 5 WAV files) from a field trial during February 2025 whereby we shot shotguns at varying distance from ARUs at Emiquon Reserve owned by The Nature Conservancy. Data also include 60-minute WAV files (15 WAV files) from one ARU placed at Big Rice Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area on opening day of waterfowl hunting season during 10-26-2024. Filenames include the ARU ID separated by underscores and the associated date and time e.g., MINI10_20241026_060002.wav was from MINI10 on 10/26/24 at 6 AM.

This dataset contains five files. (i) open_citations_jan2024_pub_ids.csv.gz, open_citations_jan2024_iid_el.csv.gz, open_citations_jan2024_el.csv.gz, and open_citation_jan2024_pubs.csv.gz represent a conversion of Open Citations to an edge list using integer ids assigned by us. The integer ids can be mapped to omids, pmids, and dois using the open_citation_jan2024_pubs.csv and open_citations_jan2024_pub_ids.scv files. The network consists of 121,052,490 nodes and 1,962,840,983 edges. Code for generating these data can be found https://github.com/chackoge/ERNIE_Plus/tree/master/OpenCitations. (ii) The fifth file, baseline2024.csv.gz, provides information about the metadata of PubMed papers. A 2024 version of PubMed was downloaded using Entrez and parsed into a table restricted to records that contain a pmid, a doi, and has a title and an abstract. A value of 1 in columns indicates that the information exists in metadata and a zero indicates otherwise. Code for generating this data: https://github.com/illinois-or-research-analytics/pubmed_etl. If you use these data or code in your work, please cite https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-5216575_V1.

We apply prospect theory to examining farmers’ economic incentives to divert a share of their land to bioenergy crops (miscanthus and switchgrass in this study). Numerical simulation is conducted for 1,919 rain‐fed U.S. counties to identify the impact of loss aversion on bioenergy crop adoption, and how this impact is influenced by biomass price, discount rate, credit constraint status, and policy instruments. Results show that ignoring farmer’s loss aversion causes overestimation of miscanthus production but underestimation of switchgrass production, particularly when farmers are credit constrained and have a high discount rate. We find that establishment cost subsidy induces more miscanthus production whereas subsidized energy crop insurance induces more switchgrass production. The efficacy of these two policy instruments, measured by biomass production increased by per dollar of government outlay, depends on the magnitude of farmers’ loss aversion and discount rate.

The lack of farmers’ willingness to grow perennial bioenergy crops (PBCs) presents a critical barrier to the emergence of cellulosic biofuel production. The willingness relies on a complex network of economic, environmental, and social drivers, among which the influence of social factors (e.g., the influence of neighborhood, community, and communication) is less understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap via a survey analysis of midwestern farmers. The survey data are analyzed through ordinary least square regression and structural equation model, which together investigate the individual and interactive impacts of multiple factors on farmers’ decisions to adopt PBCs. Based on a farm-scale analysis, six statistically significant predictors of farmer willingness to grow PBCs are identified: perception of PBCs’ environment benefits, education level, willingness to take risks, familiarity with PBCs, portion of peers already growing PBCs, and support of biorefineries locating in the local community. Among these, the latter three predictors are social support variables. It is found that familiarity with the crops is the most significant predictor of willingness; familiarity is also an important intermediate variable that mediates the influence of many other predictors. In addition, peer adoption can both directly and indirectly affect willingness via its influence on familiarity. These findings suggest that it is a pressing need to improve farmers’ knowledge of PBCs to promote the adoption of such crops.

The selection of pretreatment methods is critical to achieving high product yields during bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Hydrothermal, soaking-in-aqueous ammonia, and ionic liquid pretreatment methods are viable candidates for minimizing sugar decomposition, permitting the effective hydrolysis of structural carbohydrates, and producing a fermentable substrate suitable for achieving industrial ethanol titers and yields. In this study, the effect of these three pretreatment methods on non-modified sugarcane cultivar CP88-1762 and two transgenic lipid-accumulating sugarcane lines, oilcane 1565 and oilcane 1566, were investigated and compared in terms of lipid recovery, sugar yield, and ethanol yields within the lignocellulosic biomass conversion pipeline. Fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis at high solid loading yielded hydrolysates capable of supporting industrial bioethanol titers across all conditions. The highest sugar yields were obtained on ammonia-pretreated biomass hydrolysate (253.73 g L−1), followed by hydrothermally pretreated hydrolysate (213.10 g L−1) and ionic liquid-pretreated hydrolysate (154.20 g L−1). Commercially viable ethanol titers of 100.62 g L−1, 64.47 g L−1, and 52.95 g L−1 were achieved from ammonia, hydrothermal, and ionic liquid pretreated hydrolysate with the corresponding ethanol productivities of 2.08 g L−1 h−1, 0.53 g L−1 h−1, and 0.36 g L−1 h−1. The lower acetic acid concentration in ammonia-pretreated hydrolysate may have enhanced its fermentability relative to the hydrothermal pretreatment condition, as indicated by the differences in ethanol titer and productivity. Lower sugar yields and ethanol productivities under the ionic liquid conditions likely resulted from the inhibitory effect of cholinium lysinate. Oilcane 1565 and oilcane 1566 bagasse accumulated over 16- and 3 times higher lipids than the non-modified sugarcane CP88-1762. The total fatty acid content in the oilcane samples was reduced in ammonia and ionic liquid-pretreated bagasse relative to the hydrothermal pretreatment condition. While all pretreatment techniques tested are industrially viable, the observed differences in titer, productivity, and lipid content indicate that careful selection and validation of upstream processing methods can contribute to improved economic and environmental outcomes.

Plant architecture influences the microenvironment throughout the canopy layer. Plants with a more erect leaf architecture allow for an increase in planting densities and allow more light to reach lower canopy leaves. This is predicted to increase crop carbon assimilation. Frictional resistance to wind reduces air movement in the lower canopy, resulting in higher humidity. By increasing the proportion of canopy photosynthesis in the more humid lower canopy, gains in the efficiency of water use might be expected, although this may be slightly offset by the more open erectophile form canopy. An anatomical feature in members of the Poaceae family that impacts leaf angle is the articulated junction of the sheath and blade, which also bares the ligule and auricles. Mutants, which lack ligules and auricles, show no articulation at this junction, resulting in leaves that are near vertical. In maize, these phenotypes termed liguleless result from null mutations of genes: ZmLG1 (Zm00001eb67740) and ZmLG2 (Zm00001eb147220). In sorghum, SbiRTx430.06G264300 (SbLG1) and SbiRTx430.03G392300 (SbLG2) are annotated as the respective maize homologues. A hair-pin element designed to down-regulate both SbLG1 and SbLG2 was introduced into the grain sorghum genotype RTx430. Derived transgenic events harbouring the hair-pin failed to develop ligules and displayed reduced leaf angles to the vertical, but less vertical than in null mutations. Under field settings, plots sown with these sorghum events having an erect architecture phenotype displayed an increase in photosynthesis in lower canopy levels, which led to increases in above-ground biomass and seed yield, without an increase in water use.

Base catalysts were studied for the dehydration of fatty alcohols to linear alpha olefins (LAOs). For the gas phase dehydration of 1-octanol to 1-octene, 15% Cs/SiO2 catalyst was 56% selective at 10% conversion. Diluting a feed of C8, C10, and C14 fatty alcohols to 50% in undecane increased the selectivity to alpha olefins to 77–99%. 15% Cs/SiO2 was further investigated for the gas phase dehydration of a 4.2 g L−1 mixed C8–C14 fatty alcohol in tridecane feed and showed linear alpha olefin selectivities of 78–100% at initial conversions of 51–91% with the conversion lowering to 32–77% over 30 h. Catalytic activity was totally regenerated through calcination. A feed of biologically derived alcohols was produced with E. coli strain CM24 transformed with three plasmids (pBTRCk–pVHb–maACR, pACYC–pVHb–seFadBA, pTRC99A–pVHb–tdTER–fdh) which yielded a 5.5 g L−1 of C8–C14 fatty alcohol in tridecane. This biologically-derived feed was successfully dehydrated to linear alpha olefins over 15% Cs/SiO2 at selectivities of 60–100% with initial conversions of 35–75% which decreased to 22–55% over 30 h. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the integrated process for fatty alcohol production and subsequent dehydration to alpha olefins was conducted across the potential fermentation TRY (titer, rate, yield) landscape. Baseline fermentation performance resulted in a minimum product selling price (MPSP) double the market price for LAOs due to low titers and high costs associated with managing water and tridecane solvent flows through the system. However, targeted improvements in fermentation performance (e.g., achieving 40 g L−1 titer, 0.5 g L−1 h−1 productivity, 80% theoretical yield) can enable financially viable production of biologically derived LAOs.

We present a three-year archival, longitudinal dataset of YouTube Trending videos, collected from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2025, four retrieval per day. This collection, a unique historical record of digital culture in transition, includes 446,971 snapshots from 104 countries, encompassing 726,627 unique videos and their associated metadata. Each record includes collection timestamp, geographic region, video ranking, core identifiers (video ID, channel ID, category), content metadata (title, description, tags, localization), language information, live status, view and comment counts. Full documentation: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23645 Unlike previous datasets with limited geographic scope or short timeframes, our data offers exceptional coverage for cross-national and longitudinal analyses of digital culture. This non-personalized data corpus provides an irreplaceable baseline for understanding crisis communication, platform governance or temporal shifts in content popularity.

This is the data set for the article entitled "Pollinator seed mixes are phenologically dissimilar to prairie remnants," a manuscript pending publication in Restoration Ecology. This represents the core phenology data of prairie remnant and pollinator seed mixes that were used for the main analyses. Note that additional data associated with the manuscript are intended to be published as a supplement in the journal. * In this V2, a second tab was added to the Rest.Ecol.data.xlsx file. This new sheet listed original data source citations that match the RELIX data base, a sister project.

Rhodotorula toruloides is being developed for the use in industrial biotechnology processes because of its favorable physiology. This includes its ability to produce and store large amounts of lipids in the form of intracellular lipid bodies. Nineteen strains were characterized for mating type, ploidy, robustness for growth, and accumulation of lipids on inhibitory switchgrass hydrolysate (SGH). Mating type was determined using a novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay, which was validated using the classical microscopic test. Three of the strains were heterozygous for mating type (A1/A2). Ploidy analysis revealed a complex pattern. Two strains were triploid, eight haploid, and eight either diploid or aneuploid. Two of the A1/A2 strains were compared to their parents for growth on 75%v/v concentrated SGH. The A1/A2 strains were much more robust than the parental strains, which either did not grow or had extended lag times. The entire set was evaluated in 60%v/v SGH batch cultures for growth kinetics and biomass and lipid production. Lipid titers were 2.33–9.40 g/L with a median of 6.12 g/L, excluding the two strains that did not grow. Lipid yields were 0.032–0.131 (g/g) and lipid contents were 13.5–53.7% (g/g). Four strains had significantly higher lipid yields and contents. One of these strains, which had among the highest lipid yield in this study (0.131 ± 0.007 g/g), has not been previously described in the literature.

The files in this dataset include the now-public domain full raw text and illustrations for the novel Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (GBP) by Anita Loos, and files comparing the two published versions of the novel in 1925, one in Harper's Bazar magazine and the other in book format by Boni & Liveright. These files comprise the underlying data for the scholarly digital edition of the novel edited by Daniel G. Tracy. The full citation for the publication, including the DOI link for those wishing access the text, is: Loos, Anita. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. Edited by Daniel G. Tracy, Critical Edition. Windsor & Downs Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21900/wd.13

Leesburg, VA to Indianapolis, Indiana: Sampling Rate: 0.1 Hz Total Travel Time: 31100007 ms or 518 minutes or 8.6 hours Distance Traveled: 570 miles via I-70 Number of Data Points: 3112 Device used: Samsung Galaxy S4 Date Recorded: 2017-01-15 Parameters Recorded: * ACCELEROMETER X (m/s²) * ACCELEROMETER Y (m/s²) * ACCELEROMETER Z (m/s²) * GRAVITY X (m/s²) * GRAVITY Y (m/s²) * GRAVITY Z (m/s²) * LINEAR ACCELERATION X (m/s²) * LINEAR ACCELERATION Y (m/s²) * LINEAR ACCELERATION Z (m/s²) * GYROSCOPE X (rad/s) * GYROSCOPE Y (rad/s) * GYROSCOPE Z (rad/s) * LIGHT (lux) * MAGNETIC FIELD X (microT) * MAGNETIC FIELD Y (microT) * MAGNETIC FIELD Z (microT) * ORIENTATION Z (azimuth °) * ORIENTATION X (pitch °) * ORIENTATION Y (roll °) * PROXIMITY (i) * ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (hPa) * Relative Humidity (%) * Temperature (F) * SOUND LEVEL (dB) * LOCATION Latitude * LOCATION Longitude * LOCATION Altitude (m) * LOCATION Altitude-google (m) * LOCATION Altitude-atmospheric pressure (m) * LOCATION Speed (kph) * LOCATION Accuracy (m) * LOCATION ORIENTATION (°) * Satellites in range * GPS NMEA * Time since start in ms * Current time in YYYY-MO-DD HH-MI-SS_SSS format Quality Notes: There are some things to note about the quality of this data set that you may want to consider while doing preprocessing. This dataset was taken continuously but had multiple stops to refuel (without the data recording ceasing). This can be removed by parsing out all data that has a speed of 0. The mount for this dataset was fairly stable (as can be seen by the consistent orientation angle throughout the dataset). It was mounted tightly between two seats in the back of the vehicle. Unfortunately, the frequency for this dataset was set fairly low at one per ten seconds.